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Iron

Anemia Biomarker

Sample Needed

Collection Type: Blood

Body System

Related System: Anemia

Overview

Serum iron measures the amount of circulating iron bound to transferrin in the blood. It helps evaluate iron status and is used alongside ferritin, total iron‑binding capacity (TIBC) or transferrin saturation to diagnose different types of anemia and iron disorders. Low serum iron suggests iron deficiency (common with blood loss, poor intake or absorption) or chronic inflammation, while high serum iron can indicate iron overload, recent transfusion, hemolysis, or excess supplementation. Symptoms prompting testing include fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, pica, brittle nails, or unusual bruising. Normal values vary by age, sex and pregnancy status—women of reproductive age often have lower levels than men; infants and adolescents have different reference ranges.

Test Preparation

  • Fasting for 8-12 hours before test

Why Do I Need This Test

  • Profile: included in Anemia / iron studies panels.
  • Symptoms: fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, pica, weakness.
  • Diagnoses/monitoring: iron deficiency anemia, iron overload (hemochromatosis), anemia of chronic disease, monitoring iron therapy.
  • Causes of abnormal levels: blood loss, poor diet/absorption, inflammation (low); excess supplements, hemolysis, hereditary hemochromatosis (high).
  • Lifestyle/family: heavy menstrual bleeding, vegetarian diet, frequent transfusions, family history of hemochromatosis.

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Symptom Checker

Understanding Test Results

  • Values below ~60 μg/dL generally indicate low circulating iron and when combined with low ferritin and high TIBC suggest iron deficiency; levels <30 μg/dL often reflect more advanced deficiency and greater likelihood of iron‑deficiency anemia.
  • Normal to low serum iron with low transferrin saturation and low ferritin is diagnostic of iron deficiency.
  • Values above ~170 μg/dL indicate increased circulating iron and may reflect iron overload (hereditary hemochromatosis), recent iron supplementation or transfusion, hemolysis, or liver disease.
  • Very high values (for example >300 μg/dL) raise concern for significant iron overload and potential organ toxicity; interpretation should always include ferritin, TIBC/transferrin saturation, clinical context and inflammation markers.

Normal Range

60-170 μg/dL OR 10.7-30.4 μmol/L

FAQs

Q: Which food is rich in iron?

A: Red meat (beef, lamb), liver and organ meats, poultry, oily fish (sardines, tuna), legumes (lentils, chickpeas, beans), dark leafy greens (spinach, kale), fortified cereals and bread, tofu and tempeh, nuts and seeds (pumpkin seeds, cashews), and dried fruits (apricots, raisins) are all good dietary sources of iron; combine with vitamin C to boost absorption.

Q: What is iron for the body?

A: Iron is an essential mineral that helps form hemoglobin and myoglobin, enabling oxygen transport and storage in blood and muscles. It supports energy production, metabolic enzyme function, immune defenses and healthy cognitive development. Adequate iron prevents iron-deficiency anemia, which causes fatigue, weakness and impaired concentration. Dietary sources include red meat, poultry, fish, legumes, fortified cereals and leafy greens; vitamin C enhances absorption.

Q: What are the 5 benefits of iron?

A: Iron supports hemoglobin formation and efficient oxygen transport to tissues and muscles, increases cellular energy production needed for stamina and physical performance and reduces tiredness, promotes healthy brain development, learning and cognitive performance, strengthens immune defenses helping the body fight infections, and is essential for fetal growth, healthy pregnancy outcomes and overall metabolic function.

Q: What happens when you are low in iron?

A: When you're low in iron, your body can't produce enough healthy red blood cells, causing fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache and rapid heartbeat. Other signs include brittle nails, restless legs, cold hands and feet, cravings for non-food items (pica), reduced immunity and poor concentration. In children and pregnant people, iron deficiency can impair development and increase complications.

Q: How can I increase my iron level?

A: Increase iron by eating heme-rich foods (red meat, poultry, fish) and nonheme sources (beans, lentils, tofu, leafy greens, fortified cereals). Improve absorption with vitamin C–rich foods at meals and avoid tea, coffee, or calcium near eating. Cooking in cast-iron pans helps. If levels stay low or you have symptoms, get blood tests and discuss oral iron supplements or other treatment with your healthcare provider.

Q: Is banana rich in iron?

A: Bananas contain only small amounts of iron and are not considered an iron-rich food. A medium banana provides a minor contribution toward daily iron needs, so they’re not a reliable source for correcting iron deficiency. Bananas are useful for potassium and quick energy; to boost iron intake, choose red meat, legumes, leafy greens or fortified cereals and pair them with vitamin C–rich foods to improve absorption.

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